Surge Protector Device (SPD) is a key safety component that limits transient overvoltage and discharges surge currents to protect electrical equipment. · Type 1:Installed in main out door distribution panels to handle direct lightning currents. · Type 2:Installed in floor distribution cabinets to reduce residual voltage.
1. Core Protection Components These nonlinear components change impedance with voltage and are responsible for absorbing and discharging surge energy:
MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor): Most widely used; high resistance in normal conditions, fast breakdown under overvoltage, large current capacity.
GDT (Gas Discharge Tube): Very high insulation, ionizes during surges to form a low-resistance path; suitable for high-current Type 1 protection.
TVS Diode: Ultra-fast response (<1 ns) with precise clamping; used for the final protection of signal and low-voltage lines.
SAD (Silicon Avalanche Diode): Fast, precise clamping for communication and small electronic devices.
2. Auxiliary Protection Components Ensure stable operation and safety of the SPD:
Disconnecting Device: Fuses, thermal links, or backup protectors that cut off faulty SPDs to prevent short circuits or fire.
Status Indicators: LED or signaling contacts for real-time status and remote alarm.
Decoupling Components: Inductors used in multi-stage SPDs to coordinate energy discharge between stages.
3. Housing & Connection Parts Provide structural safety and reliable wiring:
Housing: Flame-retardant ABS/PC or metal (for outdoor use), meeting IP20–IP65 protection levels.
Terminals & Grounding Points: High-conductivity materials ensuring reliable connections; grounding recommended ≥16 mm² and ≤0.5 m for effective surge discharge.
Innovative Surge Protector Component Solutions
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Surge Protector Device (SPD) Internal Structure
Floating switch forremote signal of status
Wider and thicker metal components ensurethe rapid discharge of surge current
Unique disconnection device ensures isolation and arc extinguishing
Safe creepage andclearance distances
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